Web Development and Website Design Glossary

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Cache

In computer science, a cache (pronounced /kæʃ/, like "cash" [1]) is a collection of data duplicating original values stored elsewhere or computed earlier, where the original data is expensive to fetch (owing to longer access time) or to compute, compared to the cost of reading the cache. In other words, a cache is a temporary storage area where frequently accessed data can be stored for rapid access. Once the data is stored in the cache, future use can be made by accessing the cached copy rather than re-fetching or recomputing the original data, so that the average access time is shorter. Cache, therefore, helps expedite data access that the CPU would otherwise need to fetch from main memory.

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)

In web development, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can be applied to any kind of XML document, including SVG and XUL. CSS is used to help readers of web pages to define colors, fonts, layout, and other aspects of document presentation. It is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation (written in CSS). This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content. CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element. In this so-called cascade, priorities or weights are calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable.

Client Side Scripting

Client-side scripting generally refers to the class of computer programs on the web that are executed client-side, by the user's web browser, instead of server-side (on the web server). This type of computer programming is an important part of the Dynamic HTML (DHTML) concept, enabling web pages to be scripted; that is, to have different and changing content depending on user input, environmental conditions (such as the time of day), or other variables. Web authors write client-side scripts in languages such as JavaScript (Client-side JavaScript) and VBScript.

CMS

A CMS, or Content Management System, is an application designed to store, format, reproduce and manage Web/intranet data. The CMS usually uses a database to store the content and a server-side scripting language to recall and present the data.

ColdFusion

Cold Fusion is Adobe's (and before that Macromedia's and then Allaire's) server-side scripting technology. It supports a range of databases including MS Access, dBASE, FoxPro, and Paradox.

Co-Located Hosting

Co-located hosting involves the Webmaster providing their own server, which is typically housed in a data center or facility that links it to the Internet. The Webmaster usually pays the data center a fee to house the server. This can be a cheaper arrangement than dedicated hosting for sites that receive a lot of traffic.

Cookie

Cookies are small files sent to a Web user's computer by a Website. The cookies allow the site's tracking programs to identify that computer. In this way, site owners can collect information about a user's movement among the site's pages, if and when the user returns to the site, and other similar data. Cookies can also allow site owners to serve particular users specific information, based on their previous interaction with the site. Amazon's "Your Favorites" is an example of this functionality.

CRM

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is specific software that allows a company to measure and control contacts with customers. CRM can be used for controlling contacts with a customer either by phone, fax, mail and e-mail. The data collected can be used for research and analysis of the customer relationship.